¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, China.
² Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil 51001, Iraq.
³ Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, 78050, Turkey.
⁴ Aeronautical Techniques Engineering, AL-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Misan, 62001, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Sulphate, Characterizations, Adsorption and desorption, Protein

The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize the mesoporous nanostructure of Hydroxyapatite (HA), evaluate the impact of the addition of sulphate ions (SO₄^2-) on the microstructure properties of HA, and assess the ability of the prepared materials to be used as a carrier for Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. This study successfully synthesized 0.07 mole of SO₄^2- substituted HA using the reflux microwave-assisted wet precipitation method and fully characterized it using modern techniques. In particular, XRD, XPS, Raman, FESEM, and BET techniques were used to explore the microstructure properties of materials. The results shows that the addition of SO₄^2- ions revealed increasing the lattice parameters and surface area of HA, and the particles shape was changed from semi-spherical to rod like shape. Adsorption and desorption of protein molecules were evaluated using BSA protein for 24h at 37°C. BSA loading capacity and release behaviours were significantly improved with the incorporation of SO₄^2- ions. The SO₄-HA materials hold a promising future for being used as a carrier for protein molecules.

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doi: 10.13168/cs.2022.0040



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